Author: thepassionatereader

 

Not My Kind Of Mennonite.  Maria Moore. 2023. 203 pages. (Paperback.)

Full disclosure. The author is a quiet, inconspicuous, but very efficient nurse whom I worked with in caring for transplant patients in London Ontario, for 15 years, by her reckoning. She sent me a copy of this, her ‘story’ as she calls it. I never knew anything about her private life when working with her. In the Acknowledgements, she reveals that she is now a happily married mother and grandmother.

Although it is very embellished with some obviously invented conversations, it is a chilling true account of the far-from-holy lives of Manitoba/Mexican Mennonite families ultimately settling in the Tillsonburg, Port Burwell, Vienna, Ontario triangle that I know well. When the author’s parents with a whole colony of Old Order Mennonites from Manitoba moved to campos in southern Mexico, they endured many hardships. Mexican men frequently visited on horseback, getting the men drunk and then raping the women and girls. But sodomy on young boys, extramarital affairs and alcohol abuse by both sexes within the colonies were also common occurrences.i

After trips to Ontario to work as temporary farm labourers, many families moved permanently to this area, hoping to escape the horrors and uncertainty of subsistence farming in Mexico, only to face equally harsh conditions, the author’s family of eight included. Near starvation, sexual and physical abuse, inadequate housing and child labor were rampant. Our Ontario and federal governments failed them in allowing starving children as young as 6 to work for pay in the tobacco and vegetable fields. No heath care was provided and police and Children’s Aid services were sporadic and often ineffective, although many children, including the author, were placed in serial foster homes. Her mother was a schizophrenic alcoholic who traded sexual favours with local men for booze.  Her auditory hallucinations and those of one sibling were naturally interpreted by them in that culture as direct messages from God. It is hard to separate the effects of lack of schooling from innate cognitive limitations due to inbreeding but many in the colony seemed to be incapable of learning. There was pervasive fear of being excommunicated if they did not dress properly, used modern farm machinery, installed electricity in their homes, or drove cars. My own experience with Mennonite patients was often in diagnosing and treating inherited diseases in the inbred population of even more progressive sects.  

In January, 1972, George Peters, the author’s father,  was shot by his brother-in-law, in front of his children, in the latter’s house and tried to escape but died hours later outside the abandoned car of the driver who tried to help him. The dispute was allegedly over the inadequate child care George was providing and his failure to control his promiscuous, alcoholic schizophrenic wife, a stain on the family reputation. The misogyny of the entire community was (and I suspect still is) all encompassing. A woman’s job was to cook, clean, garden, mend clothes, and above all produce lots of babies.The killer walked free after a trial that the author, perhaps rightly, thinks was a miscarriage of justice. She feels that her father, though no saint, was maligned unjustifiably.

Moore never discusses her current religious beliefs, if any, but I suspect that, with her background, she has become a secular humanist like me if not a full-blown agnostic. or atheist.

One minor criticism: the photographed newspaper accounts of the trial are in such fine print that I had to use my fly-tying station magnifying glass to read them. 

Although this is a chilling story about closed hypocritical Mennonite communities, there is no doubt that there are similar atrocities committed in other marginal religious sects. The common factors, it seems to me, are the prohibition of contact with the outside world and the related limitation of education of children, particularly girls, whether in Catholic or Hindu monasteries and schools, the Amish, Baptists, Mormons, Seventh Day Adventist’s, ultraorthodox Jews, teaching only from the Torah, Muslims of any flavour teaching only from the Koran or even more radical sects such as the Branch Davidians and Jim Jones’s People’s Temple.

Not a pleasant read, but an important chilling reflection on the dangers of sectarian religion, and a testament to the resilience of one woman who overcame almost insurmountable obstacles to ultimately lead a fulfilling life.

⭐️⭐️⭐️⭐️⭐️⭐️⭐️/10

Thanks for sharing your story, Maria.

The Island Of Missing Trees. Elif Shafak. 2021. 347 pages. (EBook on CloudLibrary.)

There are two memorable quotes in the first ten pages of this novel alone. Those stuck with me and assured me that I was in for a treat: “ …legends are there to tell us what history has forgotten.” and “Cartography is another name for stories told by winners. For stories told by those who have lost, there isn’t one.”

The Happy Fig Tavern in Nicosia, where an ancient fig tree is centred in the room, growing through a hole in the roof, figures prominently in the story. It hears all the human communications and communicates with them in English that somehow is made to seem realistic. But it also sees its surroundings, and talks to birds, butterflies, mice, and mosquitoes. As the Happy Fig says: “Just as trees perennially communicate, compete and cooperate both above the ground and below, so too do stories germinate, come into being and blossom upon each other’s invisible roots.”

Set in divided Cyprus between 1970 and modern times, the political upheaval is realistically portrayed with Greek, Turkish, and British soldiers everywhere and senseless killing. The characters are not difficult to keep straight, although who is a Greek Christian and who is a Turkish Muslim can be more challenging. A migrating Painted Lady butterfly reads the names of soldiers and children on the headstones in a cemetery.

The lyrical poetic writing style is delightful; the novel is all-encompassing-something for everyone. There is magic with trees, birds, humans, and even mosquitoes all talking to each other, politics with wars and mysterious deaths, ecological science with floods, heat waves, mass extinctions, and loss of biodiversity, and religion with different intolerant gods urging humans to commit senseless killings. There are myths and folklore, tender unlikely forbidden romances, mysteries that are hard to solve, and history uncovered by archeology. There is even some medical science in dealing with malaria, addictions, and mental illnesses. Much of the plant and tree science mirrors that in Suzanne Simard’s intriguing “Finding the Mother Tree”. All of the characters and plot mysteries come together by the book’s end.

A couple other great quotes among many: “… then again, anyone who expects love to be sensible has perhaps never loved.”

“Knowledge is nobody’s property.”

There is one apparent minor error. Nicosia, at an undefined time is described as the only divided city in the world. What about Berlin?

This novel should have universal appeal in any language. I was previously unaware of this Turkish Cypriot novelist who is self-exiled in Britain, but Vera is now engrossed in her “The Three Daughters of Eve.” after hearing about her from a bridge friend.

⭐️⭐️⭐️⭐️⭐️⭐️⭐️⭐️⭐️⭐️

Thanks Vera.

 This novel, set largely in Minnesota, New York City, Washington D.C. and West Virginia in the 1980s to 2008 is  populated by insecure, amoral, largely young characters with shifting loyalties and mental illnesses. They are from very dysfunctional families; no one could be considered normal. The dialogue of the characters is filled with extreme, constantly shifting expressions of love and hate.

Divided into eight unnumbered chapters, the narrative is broken up by time shifts. One hundred and sixty pages of what is said to be an autobiography, but is not written in the first person singular tense, reads more like a multi-character novel within the novel, covering several years of Patti Berglund’s life from college to married motherhood. 

Walter  Berglund’s long sermons about loss of biodiversity, climate warming, deforestation, population growth, food security, toxic wastes, feral outdoor bird-killing cats, etc, are all loosely tied to what was in 2010 politically fashionable even as he works as a government lobbyist after moving from Minnesota to D.C. There are many pages devoted to his efforts to preserve the endangered cerulean warbler and similar endangered species, but he also lobbies to obtain permits for coal companies to make fourteen thousand acres of Appalachian mountaintops in West Virginia into barren moonscape, destroying an entire thriving ecosystem. He justifies these contradictory actions with rants about the dangers of relying on nuclear power and wind farms. Some of his arguments are counterintuitive but quite compelling; others are quite specious. I suspect that they reflect the known somewhat radical views of the environmentalist author. Later efforts with Walter’s new lover to be address overpopulation (after his wife’s longstanding affair with his best friend, a young member of her son’s rock band, is discovered) run afoul of American right wing concepts of personal freedoms and rights.

Franzen is a master at mocking the absurd contradictions of American cultural and societal trends, driven by political correctness. The plot is quite intricate, but it is not very difficult to keep the characters straight, even with all of their contradictions. The emotional ups and downs ascribed to some characters do seem a bit excessive. The late reunion of Walter and Patti Berglund after a long separation is a bit of a surprise, but the fate of some other characters is left to the reader’s imagination.

The author seems obsessed with casual sex with seemingly no regard for any longterm consequences, and uses the most disgusting, vivid, foulest, scatological language in describing such trysts that I have ever read. None of the characters are faithful to their spouses. The gutter language is not confined to the conversations of the characters a reader could expect it from, but is an integral component of the author’s narrative. This unnecessary pervasive feature of the whole book compelled me to downgrade my assessment of it by three stars out of ten. 

⭐️⭐️⭐️⭐️⭐️/10.

Thanks, Andra. 

Cam

Some masochistic member of our book club has listed this for our upcoming meeting. Formatted as the fictitious autobiography of a coming-of-age British boy, this humongous classic by England’s most famous novelist of the 19th century has been reissued in a variety of updates. I read the 1869 edition as an ebook, wasting a good chunk of my limited reading time. In the early pages, it loosely reflects the experiences of the author as an orphaned child raised by an ever-changing variety of relatives in several southern England sites.

Filled with more truly evil characters than any reader could possibly keep track of, his early childhood is saturated with uncertainty and pathos. The extreme emotions describing his teen and early 20s all-consuming infatuations with girls are described in flowery language that goes on for many pages with too many exclamation marks. His abusive experiences in boy’s schools introduces him to a variety of those evil boys, most notably Uriah Heep, whose name has endured as the embodiment of unscrupulous cunning, greed and deceit. He would certainly fulfill the modern DSM-5 criteria for a diagnosis of psychopathic personality disorder. One of his school chums turns out to be an equally unscrupulous opportunist who secretly elopes to continental Europe with the betrothed bride-to-be of another youth.

His adult life is characterized by many ups and downs with numerous unexplained deaths and betrayals, but ultimately a happy family life as he becomes a famous and well off novelist like the author.

Obtuse language in very long winded conversations with many emotion-laden superlatives and exclamation marks are used to describe all of the characters. The narrative/conversation balance is severely tilted toward conversation. Run on sentences filling half a page abound and no characters say what they mean in straight forward language. The multitude of characters are as hard to keep straight as those in War and Peace.

The best quote that also expresses what I most dislike about the whole book is the author’s own observation that: “We like to talk about the tyranny of words, but we also like to tyrannize over them too; we are fond of having a large superfluous establishment of words to wait upon us on great occasions; we like to think it sounds important and sounds well. As we are not particular about the meaning of our liveries on state occasions, if they be but fine and numerous enough, so, the meaning or necessity of our words is of secondary consideration, if there be but a great parade of them.” This is just a small portion of a much longer dissertation about communication.

Lots of Dickens’ misogyny shows through, but little of his well-known racism is expressed here, although there are a few negative comments about East Indians.

There is no mention of sexual intercourse whatsoever, as befits the prudish Victorian era, let alone any sexual improprieties, but just a faint hint that two female characters may have had a brief secret lesbian relationship. (I may have read too much into their love for one another, as there is a lot of kissing and hugging, seemingly as expressions of fondness irrespective of the gender of the pairs and a lot males also express their love for one another in superlative language.)

I quite enjoyed reading A Tale of Two Cities, and Oliver Twist years ago although they too are overly wordy, but I cannot recommend this one for anyone.

⭐️/10

From the author of the engaging and informative 2016 “The Genius of Birds” comes another delightful discourse on a single amazingly talented and diverse order of avian life.

First, my personal encounter with an owl. One spring day as kids, my brother and I discovered a huge nest high in a beech tree; we climbed an adjacent tree to peer into it. A startled young great horned owlet fluttered to the ground apparently unharmed, but not yet able to fly. (According to Ackerman, great horned owls do not build tree nests, so this must have been a hawk or turkey vulture nest commandeered by the owl family.) We wrapped her in a coat and took her home, housing her in a chicken coop in the attic of the farm shed. We discovered that she didn’t care for fish, but liked to bite our fingers, so we wore leather gloves when feeding her. Thus we inadvertently joined such luminaries as Florence Nightingale, Theodore Roosevelt and Pablo Picasso in raising a pet owl although ours was never friendly and we only had her for one summer. We fed “Hooty” all kinds of game that we hunted, from groundhogs, rabbits, and squirrels to various birds. The excrement and regurgitated pellets of fur, feathers and bones created a lasting stench, permeating our clothes. As she grew to a wingspan of almost six feet, a size that only females grow to, we took her out for progressive flying lessons from increasing heights, returning her to the coop when she fluttered to the ground at further and further distances. When we took her to the peak of the barn roof one day for her lesson, she simply took off silently over the horizon. I doubt that she survived long in the wild without the hunting skills her parents would have taught her. According to Ackerman, great horned owlets spend six months learning hunting skills from their parents after fledgling before striking out on their own. So began my lasting fascination with, and love of, owls.

Some of the observations in this book are esoteric in the extreme. Marjon Savelberg, a classical musician who studies owl vocalizations claims that she can look at sheet music and hear the song and can, by seeing the spectrograms of owl vocalizations, hear the distinctive calls of individual birds. This seems like an acquired form of warped synesthesia, but many owl species also have the ability to “see” and locate prey from sound input into their relatively massive asymmetrical ears, using not just echolocation, but echo 3-D reconstruction of an image. And now, using terabytes of data and AI, Savelberg can correlate the recordings of individual owl’s vocalizations with their observed behaviour. Place neurones in the hippocampi of owls give them a durable mental map of the territory they fly over. Some owl species make Peyton Place look virtuous with unfaithful longterm mates and constant mate swapping while some adopt unrelated orphaned owlets in what looks like owl altruism; others sometimes abandon their own offspring.

Some of the narrative gives anthropomorphic attribution of human emotion to the birds, such as the grieving sounds of owls who lost their tree nests to a forest fire. But there is little doubt that owls, perhaps more than most birds, are endowed with a rich emotional repertoire, from anger, jealousy, and fear to elation, love, and grief. And there is no doubt that owls and some other birds use deductive reasoning to ‘read’ the minds, intentions, motivations, and emotions of friends and foes alike, a theory of mind that was once thought to be unique to mammals, and particularly humans. It seems that almost no mental or physical feat is unique to humans, except perhaps the purposeful use of fire and communication via written languages.

There is documentation here of a far greater variety of owls than I was was previously aware of, from the sparrow-sized Elf Owl on up to the Great Horned. The small Saw-whet owls are ubiquitous in North America, but seldom seen, as they are extremely well camouflaged to blend into their environment. I can’t recall having ever seen one, but I have on several occasions seen a murderous murder of crows loudly harassing and attacking an almost invisible sleepy owl during the daytime.

This book is almost as revealing about the huge number of owl keepers, Owl Preservation Societies, and owl researchers as it is about the birds. From mythical Athena’s Little Owl to Harry Potter’s pet Snowy Owl, Hedwig, owls have played an important part in human mythology and several religions. Some modern workers aim to rehabilitate injured birds, others train and raise infant owls who have imprinted on humans to become ambassadors to educate school children and the general public about these unique creatures. Such education is important to conserve owls. During the Hindu annual Festival of Lights thousands of owls are killed in a misguided rite to bring good luck. “Hooty” never imprinted on us, being all antagonistic owl from the start to the end of our relationship.

Both the coloured and the black-and-white photographs of owls are just delightful additions to the narrative of this book. Missing these with their strange face discs and piercing eyes would be a significant drawback of listening to this as an audiobook although it is available in that format.

Highly recommended for all nature lovers.

⭐️⭐️⭐️⭐️⭐️⭐️⭐️⭐️⭐️⭐️

Thanks, Goodreads.

When I saw a review in The New Yorker, the title alone was enough to entice me to put a hold on this book at the Ottawa Public Library where it was still on order.

The China-born Distinguished Research Professor of Biology at Central Washington University provides an extensive scholarly discussion of the universality of lying and deception. Prevalent in the living world from lowly bacteria, viruses, and fungi that mutate to deceive hosts and and their siblings and thereby increase their propagation chances, to Homo sapiens, with a huge number of examples from the study of many species, lying and cheating seems to be universal. Most of the cited examples are erudite but interesting revelations about reptiles, birds and mammals and how they communicate both within species and across species lines. I now understand why some barn swallows I observed as a preteen seemed so protective of their nests and mates.

Two “Laws” of Lying i.e. falsifying honest messages in communication and exploiting other’s cognitive loopholes or blind spots which are biological foundations for lying and cheating respectively, are proposed, although I think the word “laws” would be better called “methods” or “types”

It takes either remarkable foolishness or an admirable dedication to scientific discovery to spend thirteen years studying the pheromones secreted from the anal glands of captive upstate New York beavers as the author did. But that showed that those pheromones were useful to the male beavers to identify kinships and avoid wasting resources on others, even if born to his allegedly monogamous mate.

The handicap hypothesis is applied to explain the existence of moose and deer antlers, peacock tails, and bright colours of male birds i.e an individual who can afford to show off such wasteful displays must be a potentially good mate. And the same handicap principle is applied to humans who signal fitness by, for example, giving nonreturnable expensive engagement rings of no other intrinsic value, or sporting expensive watches or cars, a la Thorsten Veblen.

Emmanuel Kant, and his categorical imperative to always, under all circumstances, tell the truth comes in for some criticism as Sun, in the final chapter waxes philosophical in distinguishing three types of lying and their moral implications, coming down on the side of consequentialist moral philosophers.

There is considerable overlap here with the content of David Livingston Smith’s 2004 book “Why We Lie” which I read years ago and many of the psychological phenomena, some old and some new to me are discussed to explain why we are easily deceived. But this is in the updated context of internet communication and especially AI which greatly facilitates the propagation of lies.

I have encountered my share of pathological liars and cheaters. The most memorable were a devout Anglican couple at whose hobby farm I spent many happy hours in the 1980s. The man was supposedly a foreign-trained pathologist until he was found not to be. Years later, he obtained a part-time job as a pathologist at a teaching hospital until a background check by the department head showed that he had had only one year of medical training.

A quibble: some of the black and white photographs are fuzzy and contribute little to the narrative.

⭐️⭐️⭐️⭐️⭐️⭐️⭐️⭐️/10

Thanks, The New Yorker.

I was a little reluctant to post a review on my blog of this detailed Donald Trump biography by a longtime New York political journalist, fearful that it may feed into his egotistical hunger for any publicity, whether good or bad-and his litigious nature. However, a need to understand his appeal overcame that reluctance, and, given his aversion to reading, he is very unlikely to ever read or care about anything from a two-bit Canadian book reviewer.

From early childhood, learning from his father, he has always focused on personal wealth, power, and fame. There are more reasons to fear his actions detailed here than there are explanations of what is appealing to him for millions of Americans. His racism, sexual predations, misogyny, nepotism, and egotism are all laid out in detail, but much of that has been revealed before in the daily news, previous biographies and even by his own tweets, books, and statements. The constantly churning of hirings and firings in the Trump White House and the personal conflicts engendered there are emphasized. It seems to me that an analysis of what it is buried in the psyche of Americans that allows millions of his followers to overlook his obvious faults would be more interesting reading than this dry account of those faults.

This book is more revealing, in some ways, about the pervasive corrupt political and bureaucratic manoeuvring in the U.S. than about Trump. Powerful party bosses and leading politicians of all stripes with little interest in what is good for the average citizen wield enormous power is selecting candidates for various public offices.

In my opinion, a grievous omission from this tome is the lack of any mention of Trump’s capricious withdrawal of the U.S. from the multinational Paris Climate Accord, annoying many allied nations. That and Trump’s appointment of Scot Pruitt, a businessman and climate change denier, who had sued the Environmental Protection Agency forty one times, to head that agency has to have had disastrous negative effects on the climate we are all doomed to live in. Likewise, Haberman barely mentions Trump’s unilateral withdrawal from the multinational agreement with Iran to limit that country’s nuclear arms development and has thus made everyone’s world more dangerous.

I am still somewhat puzzled by Trump’s appeal even after struggling though this book.

⭐️⭐️⭐️⭐️⭐️⭐️/10

Thanks, The Economist, The New Yorker.

Following Jesus. Henri J. M. Nouwen. 2018. 132 pages. (Hardcover.)  

To avoid getting stuck in a “thought silo” reading only books that share my basic outlook on life, I occasionally pick up one that I suspect before I start will be based on a premise that will not gel with mine. That was the case with this short treatise. Such endeavours to understand and appreciate the perspective of others cannot harm if one is secure in your own views. But in this one there was no underlying premise whatsoever. 

It seems peculiar that this book based on six lectures by the author was first published in 2018, although the author died in 1996. The Dutch-borne itinerant, restless, American/Peruvian/Canadian Catholic priest could seemingly not enjoy working at Harvard Theological School for more than four months, returning to pastoral care, charities and writing.

C.S. Lewis, in his “The Problem of Pain” attempts to reconcile the existence an all powerful and all loving God with the universal cruelty, evil and pain of human and animal existence. This requires some fanciful linguistic definitions and gymnastic leaps of logic, but at least some attempts are made to argue rationally. Nouwen simply rejects logic as as valid starting point. Clearly rejecting logical thinking and favouring uninformed irrational actions, there is also an underlying current of anti-intellectualism. 

Even in the lecture on the unconditional love of God, Nouwen uses selective quotes from the Bible, neglecting to mention the inconsistency of an all-loving God who urges us to forgive our enemies, while killing off people who don’t love him in a flood or the fires of hell or Sodom and Gomorrah, in a fit of jealous anger. I don’t know which translation of the Bible Nouwen is using, but some quotes, such as of the Beatitudes seem foreign to me.

“Following Jesus” as the title advocates,  has been used as an excuse for the horrible cruelties in religious wars or lead to Jim Jones’ Jonestown or David Koresh’s  Branch Davidians in Waco. 

This book exceeded my expectations of providing an abundance of meaningless gobbledygook and linguistic licence such as “…there is no human being anywhere in the whole world who is not lifted up on the cross with Jesus.” or  “What you need to hear with your heart…” 

I persisted to the end hoping to find at least one quote worthy of some thought, but was disappointed even in that lowly quest. The best feature of this book is its brevity.

Lest I seem too down on all religions, I must confess to appreciating and even enjoying the works of some religious scholars. But Nouwen was no scholar, but a delusional brainwashed and probably lonely man

0/10

Thanks, but no thanks, Alan.

Part One of this ingenious plot is narrated in the first person singular by Rosie, a 17 year-old suddenly orphaned Sonoma County, California girl who, in 1938 is down on her luck. Her synesthesia (she sees certain sounds as different colours) is mistaken for hallucinations from psychosis and after a single drunken sexual encounter she is pregnant. The father of the child is not revealed to the reader until past page 100 and then is it is a shocking surprise. Sent to a locked home for unwed mothers, the insane, and psychopaths, she plots escape but is delivered of a baby who is immediately taken away from her. Several girls are forced to undergo secret salpingectomies to sterilize them at the peak of the entirely legal eugenics movement. She overhears that she is to be sterilized two days postpartum. I won’t spoil the suspense for the readers by revealing the subsequent turbulent and then very successful fulfilling, happy, married course of her life, but she becomes convinced, for a time, that her unusually severe synesthesia (she sees colours in response to names and places as well as to sounds) is a true disability that makes her unfit to reproduce.

A gift of an amaryllis bulb from the narrator of Part Two, which is discarded by her keepers, features prominently as it comes to aptly symbolize wasted years of her life because it fails to bloom annually, and Amaryllis is the name she requests the adoption agency to give her daughter.

Part Two is narrated by Helen, a single expat American relative of Rosie’s first keepers after she was orphaned. She works as a nannie in various European countries and is the one who gave her the amaryllis bulb. She flees from Nazi-controlled Vienna during the war to Lucerne smuggling disabled children across the border with her, and then she returns to a very different California to the one she left. In Vienna she had witnessed the Nazi eugenics sterilization of “undesirables” that preceded the mass extermination of them, and Jews in particular. Her life story is as complicated as that of Rosie’s but entirely different and, of course, their lives are interconnected.

I have long thought that both synesthesia and eugenics would be great features to build a novel around, and here it is, in imaginative, integrated, glorious detail. Synesthesia, present in 2-4 % of the population is still often confused with mental illness and psychosis in particular. Some synesthetics experience sounds as tastes or smells and some with mild forms of it do not even recognize it as unusual. Others hide it, viewing it as a disability. But it can also be seen as a partially genetically endowed artistic gift that boosts the imagination of artistic types, particularly writers. Readers may reasonably suspect that the author is endowed with it.

The eugenics movement that began in the 1910s and persisted until at least the 1960s is just a precursor to more radical Nazi-style policies about how to treat the unfortunate among us. The California’s eugenics laws were not repealed until 1979. In Canada, both Alberta and British Columbia had eugenics laws from the 1930s to the 1970s and some view modern fetal screening for genetic diseases and gene editing science as “positive eugenics.” Although now illegal it still informs the outlook of many racist politicians like Donald Trump.

I usually dislike time shift as an artificial literary device to maintain suspense in thrillers, but here it is used appropriately to maintain curiosity about the course of the lives of the two narrators. The other characters are numerous but unforgettable and not hard to keep straight. There is enough heartbreaking tragedy to make the most stoic reader blubber, but also wonderful life-affirming courage and determination to lift the spirits of the depressed. The dramatic ending is worth waiting for and although the general details of that ending are somewhat predicable, how the details unfold to get there are not.

One memorable quote: “People will always distrust what they don’t understand. And what they distrust they cannot love.”

I cannot praise this novel enough. Absolutely unforgettable and highly recommended.

⭐️⭐️⭐️⭐️⭐️⭐️⭐️⭐️⭐️⭐️

Thanks, Book Browse.

This screed was a loan from my real estate economist professor daughter who is visiting us this week. Often discussed as a source of frustration, parking is seldom the topic of an entire book but Grabar manages to make it interesting and informative. There is an entire history with major consequences for the way we live to accompany the paving over much of the world to “store” (the term Grabar prefers to “park.”) vehicles. The history is peppered with largely forgotten scandals. In 2009, Chicago mayor Richard Daley arranged a 75 year lease of all 36,000 of that city’s curb-side parking meters to Morgan Stanley, partly owned by the emirate of Dubai for $ 1.156 billion, although the value of them was independently estimated to be at least three times that amount. Organized crime syndicates were and still are major players in operating private parking lots in major U.S. cities. Many hours of productivity are lost, and millions of gallons of fuel are converted into atmospheric pollutants as people drive in loops looking for a place to park. Houston was devastated by Hurricane Harvey in 2017, in part or mainly because it had “ paved its way into an unmapped manmade floodplain” with little exposed topsoil to absorb the heavy rains and poorly anchored trees.o

Some progress is being made in certain areas where laws requiring a minimum number of parking spaces for new developments have been dropped, especially those close to adequate public transportation, but “By square footage, there is more housing for each car in the United States than there is for each person.”

I found some of the discussion of needed reforms a bit vague and confusing. ”Cars are a gateway drug to parking.” How can we be sure the relationship isn’t the inverse one – people use cars more where there is plentiful parking. But it is certainly true that “more parking means less housing, especially affordable housing “, the latter being my daughter’s topic for an address to the annual macroeconomics conference of the Bank of Canada as I write this.

One ancient foolish personal anecdote. In 1968, as a poor medical student, I required a car to get from one hospital to another in a timely fashion. But there was no place to park where I was boarding except on the sleepy dead end street, Wallace Avenue. The London inane bylaw prohibited street parking for any three consecutive hours between 12 a.m. and 7 a.m., which meant a patrol had to chalk mark the tires and curb and then return three or more hours later to stick a ticket on the windshield. I got a couple tickets every month, a bargain price for good parking. One night, studying late, I checked at 2 a.m. to find a ticket stating that I had parked from 12 a.m. to 3 a.m. I hopped into the car and handed the ticket to the sleepy clerk at the central police station at 2:30. He called the patrolman to reprimand him and tore up the ticket. Not a good move on my part. For the next month my tires were marked nightly, forcing me to take many nocturnal trips to the street to move the car.

⭐️⭐️⭐️⭐️⭐️⭐️/10

Thanks, Andra.

First, a note about page numbers. I do not include the copyright page, contents list, index, references, notes, author information, or bibliography when I calculate the number of pages I cite in the title of these blogs. But whenever I can, I try to cite the number of pages in different formats, the time it took me to read an ebook or the listed time for an audiobook.

In this historical tome a New York journalist and academic historian provides what is really selective biographies of four past U.S. presidents. She claims they were chosen because she had studied them more than others but she also worked in the Johnson White House and later on his memoirs. To the reader, the choice of who to feature seems arbitrary, and I suspect there were other factors involved, such as their early loses (In Theodore Roosevelt’s case, his wife and his mother died on the same day as he was starting his political career.), the unprecedented crises they faced, and their early shared ambitions. In any case, here they are – Abraham Lincoln, Theodore Roosevelt, Franklin Roosevelt, and Lyndon Johnson.

The book is also divided logically into four parts- “Ambition and the Recognition of Leadership”, “Adversity and Growth”, The Leader and The Times: How they Led”, and a less concrete section titled “Transformational Leadership, “ largely on their respective legacies.

Theodore Roosevelt’s cagey solution to the 1902 coal strike was hardly on a par with Abe’s dealing with secessionists and civil war, nor FDR’s with the depression and WWII. Of 70 pages on the FDR presidency, all but two discuss his efforts with the new Deal,

There are scattered throughout the text dozens of trite directives, supposedly guides for potential leaders in any field, such as “ Find Time and Space in Which to Think,” and “Shield Colleagues from Blame” or “Know When To Hold Back, When To Move Forward.” Somehow I doubt that these will ever make it into a text for a course in developing leadership skills in any M.B.A. program.

I learned a huge amount about American history and the personalities of it’s leaders, from this very dry pedantic document, e.g. FDR was an auditory learner, Lincoln a visual one. This book provides more details of specific eras of U.S. politics than 99% of readers will want or ever need to know. There are other numerous biographies of every president and I am not sure how much of this one is based on original research. There are an unusual number of quotation marks and 178 pages of “Notes” that are really references, perhaps because the author was accused of plagiarism in relation to a previous book. (Her non-explanation was that she had neglected to use enough quotation marks.) There is almost no discussion of the rest of the world except as it relates to the U.S.A., and Canada is never even mentioned. I also learned little about the characteristics it takes to become a leader in any field.

⭐️⭐️⭐️⭐️⭐️/10

Thanks, Cal.