Author: thepassionatereader

For me, this is a quick reread as I read it years ago, but didn’t recall the details. That was on the recommendation of a nurse in the transplant unit who praised it, while we watched helplessly as a patient was dying.

A computer science professor at Carnegie Mellon, Randy Pausch was at the height of his career at 47 in 1987, when he was diagnosed with terminal metastatic pancreatic cancer. He had a loving wife and three children under seven. He decided to give a last lecture to a crowded audience about what he had learned about living. It is available on line and is very touching and surprisingly upbeat. I listened to it after rereading the book which is not the lecture per se but all about living life to the fullest, fulfilling your childhood dreams, and helping others to do the same, with absolutely no self-pity.

The lecture itself is also very upbeat and filled with some quite extraordinary humour. There is little religiosity to it and no mention or hope for any afterlife except this wonderful line about his roommate: “If I am going to hell, I will request 6 years off for time served.”

Unlike me, he was grateful that he knew that he was dying as it gave him time to prepare his family, offer sage advice and make sure everything was in order for a life without him. I would much prefer to have no warning and die suddenly and painlessly, but I am not 47.

A couple great quotes:

“He was proof that, sometimes, the most impenetrable brick walls are made of flesh.” (Of a certain dean.)

“Experience is what you get when you didn’t get what you wanted.”

This is a great book, but my retrospective advice is to view the YouTube video of the actual lecture before reading it for the best experience of this remarkable man.

9.8/10

I don’t know who recommended this book and didn’t even have it on my list of books I want to read, but it suddenly showed up on my ‘ready to be picked up’ list at the OPL. I’m glad it did.

The author is almost as dispersed as many of the plants she discusses. Born in Canada of Taiwanese and Welsh parents, she has lived in Vancouver, London, Ontario, Nova Scotia, Taipei, London, England, Cambridge, and Berlin, the latter twice and currently. She has a Ph.D from Cambridge. The personal stories of her adventures are interwoven with the documentation of the many plants and few animals that she discusses. Her wanderlust probably contributes to her sense of belonging in no fixed place. The conversations with her newborn daughter as she is forced to move back to Berlin because she can’t afford to live in Cambridge are touching and philosophical.

In 14 chapters, she discusses the deliberate or unintended introduction of many different species such as soy, citrus trees, pine, heath, tea, and mosses, often with major economic impacts such as the introduction of citrus trees to Florida. Some achieved nationalistic symbolism and have had a major impact in the literature and culture of countries, e.g. introduction of tea to Britain. The genetics of constantly evolving plants responding to climate change is mentioned but not a major feature in this work.

There are now 1,700 seed banks around the world that serve as a repository of genetic material that can be studied by scientists.

While recognizing the harm done by many species as they migrate to new territories, she takes issue with the whole concept of invasive species and points out that plants have always been and always will be on the move in the battle for survival. The U.S. Department of Agriculture has been responsible for introducing 80,000 species to that country, and even cherry trees were not part of the American ecosystem until the Japanese gifted them to the president.

This is a beautiful book. I read it in one day, stopping only to eat dinner and go for a short walk, in the forest as I contemplated the varied species I encountered there.

10/10

 Bob Dylan was born as  Robert Zimmerman in Duluth, Minnesota in 1941. There is scant mention of his childhood, before he took up the bohemian lifestyle of a 60s folk singer in Greenwich Village, among other places. He only briefly attended the University of Minnesota. 

The 82 page analysis of the song Blowin’ in the Wind, published in 1963, and its lasting impact, becomes a bit tiresome with the many versions and many singers who sang the protest song over many years in many countries.

The second chapter supposedly on The Lonesome Death of Hattie Carol (32 pages) has almost nothing to do with that song and a lot about a host of other singers and songwriters many of whom I was unfamiliar with. That includes the nonsensical Dan Tucker who “died with a toothache in his heel.” Thankfully the following chapter, Ain’t Talkin’ is  shorter. But the Jim Jones (not the cult leader nor the rapper/songwriter) chapter, at 47 pages, mentions Bob Dylan only in the last 11 pages when he discovers old poem about a perhaps mythical murderer exiled to Australia, which he then plays and discusses. This chapter is contains run on sentences going for half a page and hundreds of names, most of whom I had never heard of.  

To call this book by the American music critic, a biography at all is a stretch. There is no discussion of Dylan’s lovers and wives, his drug use, his family, either parents, siblings or children or his critics, of whom there are many. I have rarely been as disappointed in a book. 

Thanks, but no thanks , The New Yorker. 

No rating.

The Many Daughters of Afong Moy. Jamie Ford. 2022. 36 Pages. (Hardcover.)

I have included the author’s note and the unusually long acknowledgments at the end in the pagination of this work as they go some way to explaining the meaning of this unusual book. I thought that it was Linda who recommended it but now seriously doubt that.

This Montana novelist’s stories range from 1836 to a futuristic 2086, exploring the similarities of an extended family beginning with Afong Moy, the first Chinese woman who escaped from an arranged marriage to New York. She worked as a singer in night clubs and subsisted in boarding houses arranged by her managers. Others include Greta, who joined a feminist dating app in 2014 that went viral, then imploded when it was revealed that their major funder was an abusive billionaire playboy. Her daughter, troubled Dorothy in a dysfunctional marriage in 2045 undergoes epigenetic therapy to restore memories that she has never experienced, but that other unknown members of her ancestry have. Thereafter, by the time we get to her daughter in 2086, epigenic therapy companies have proliferated.

There is a lot of speculation about transgenerational epigenetics particularly of PTSD from past trauma, determinism, and free will, all woven into a very puzzling novel. To follow and make sense of the story, one needs to keep the year, the person and the location identified at the start of most of the chapters in mind as one reads it. Otherwise it can become very confusing, and even doing so, I remained confused. Once I was finished I went back and tried to connect the dots, but it did not help much.

3/5

This American investigative reporter details the life of Sam Altman-Fried the much maligned proprietor of the now defunct FTC cryptocurrency exchange in this controversial report. His was an awkward nerdy childhood with aspects of autism and ADHD, but seemingly altruistic, with a genius’s talent at all kinds of math quizzes and gambling. He joined Jane Street Capital, in 2014 at the age of 22 as a full time trader in the opaque world of ultrafast market gamblers, after only one year at MIT in physics.

His altruism, along with that of most other traders espoused the utilitarian philosophy of one of my favourite philosophers, retired Princeton philosopher Peter Singer. They claim to want to make untold millions only to give it away to the charities that will save the greatest number of people.

The 26 page chapter outlining the complexity of Alameda Research and FTX trading with venture capitalists investing billions, while Alameda remained in the shadows of Hong Kong and the Bahamas confused me, but I don’t feel so bad as the author admits that no one has been able to define what cryptocurrency really is.There are far too many transactions worth billions and far too many shadowy characters to keep track of.

Spending thirty million on a mini city on five acres in the Bahamas designed by someone with no experience in design and without any guidance was only one of the problems. There was no org chart, with an imported psychiatrist acting in the role of councillor to a third of the staff of 300. Few knew who they were supposed to report to. The psychiatrist developed a makeshift one but didn’t even have a Bahamas medical licence. There was virtually physical security and no working Board of Directors. Sam’s longstanding affair with one of the staff was a well-known secret. Chaos theory seemed to be in play everywhere.

The effective altruism espoused by almost all of the 300+ employees was shifted to trying to prevent a future existential threat to humankind and there is little evidence that much of it was ever spent on any kind of altruism. Even in November 2022, when it was leaked that seven billion dollars went missing in the FTX account, precipitating what was essentially a run on the bank, it remained unclear who was to blame. Sam was extradited to the United States and is now according to Wikipedia, awaiting sentencing, having been convicted on all accounts of fraud.

Even as the crash-landing of FTX has given all cryptocurrencies a bad name with the general public, nerdy venture capitalists are spending billions on it, particularly in the less regulated regions of African countries, with little to show for it to date.

Next week, something lighter, and definitely not economic theory.

6/10.

Thanks, The New Yorker.

This book written in 2019, was obviously published before the looming 2020 election, and is therefore somewhat dated, but will, or should, have a lasting impact on future U.S. politics. I am nor sure if it had any impact on the looming 2020 election but I doubt that any Trumpist would ever read it. Keynesian vs Friedman’s Chicago school of economics is discussed in detail, and it is clear that the author favours the former.

The author is no slouch: he was the Chief of Bill Clinton’s Council of Economic Advisors, and Chairman of the World Bank, a Nobel laureate, and a professor at Columbia University.

In this tome, he expresses somewhat contrarian views about a wide variety of ills in the modern U.S. economy, from worsening income inequality, exploitation and market monopolies, globalization, new technologies, the financial crisis, and the proper role of government regulation. In spite of his banking background, banks come in for particular scorn. There is a truly international perspective with comparison of the U.S. with many other countries in a variety of measures, debunking the widespread belief that the U.S. is the greatest country in the world.

The best examples of monopoly power that are familiar to me are the drug company Valient increasing the price of Syprine, used to treat Wilson Disease by 3000 % because they were the only manufacturer and had the monopoly on it in the U.S. and academic publishing with a few companies charging authors to publish papers that are the result of research funded by the government.

In Part II, some solutions that would benefit all are offered, chiefly a greater role for government. He discusses government inefficiency and claims that it is generally no less efficient than the private sector. Some of the measures advocated seem unrealistic to me.

In spite of having a Ph.D. economics professor daughter, little knowledge of the intricacies of macroeconomics ever rubbed off on me. I have never claimed to understand much about economic theory, and when I read The Economist, I often skip the more complex discussion of markets. When they start writing about derivatives and credit default swaps my eyelids sometimes interfere with my reading or I move on to the next story.

The bottom line from this convincing treatise is that (at least it seems to me): he envisions a United States that would become more like a socialist state like some Scandinavian countries, and fears that it may be impossible. Another conclusion is that anyone who believes that the United States is a true democracy is deceiving themselves.

The writing is very convincing, but dry and wordy.

6.5/10.

Thanks, Tony and Rhynda.

This is investigative journalism at its finest. Find a remote corrupt area of the world, larger than Belgium, with an interesting, largely unknown history and an immense impact on the present day world, examine it in great detail, at considerable personal risk, then tell the world about it and you’ve got it made. I asked six well-educated people at our Friday Luncheon Discussion Club what they knew about the Wa nation, and they all confessed that they had never heard of it. If you can expose the CIA complicity in various nefarious deeds and embarrass them, so much the better. This American journalist based in Bangkok does this and a lot more.

In Book One, he manages to get a lengthy interview with Saw Lu, a kingpin of the Wa, an almost totally independent state within Burma, (now called Myanmar), which interview covers most of the history of the feuding highland headhunters and drug lords providing opioids in vast quantities to China, Vietnam, Thailand and beyond up to the early 80s, with the CIA helping out by supplying arms, more concerned with fighting Maoist communism than stemming the tide of narcotics floating around the world. Saw Lu’s efforts to educate the Wa, and to convert them to Christianity (he was a Baptist) were largely unsuccessful, but he was willing to overlook their funding from narcotics and had more success uniting the diverse mountain top tribes against communists. Several maps at the front of the book are very helpful references for those of us unfamiliar with the vast territory.

In Book Two, starting in the early 1980s, a rebellion against the ruling communists in the highlands, led to new loyalties and warlords, aided by radio communication systems supplied by the CIA, that ensured safe passage of the drugs to markets worldwide. Nixon’s War On Drugs is shown to be largely ineffective in part because of feuding between the Drug Enforcement Agency and the CIA. One in six returning Vietnam War veterans was addicted to heroin and new supply routes from largely autonomous Shanland (ever hard of it?) developed to maintain the flow to America. It was eventually almost completely extinguished and dispersed by the powerful UWSA, the United Wa State Army.

By the early 1990s, Saw Lu had become a local legend, the foreign minister of the Wa nation. He tried hard to develop a secret master plan to burn drugs and drug factories with DEAs help and no explicit help from the Burmese ruling military junta. In exchange the U.S. would help ease the extreme poverty and stop villainizing the dictators of Burma. Only one such burning took place before the CIA, traitors within the DEA, and lobbyists for the “War on Drugs” in America sabotaged the plan, and imprisoned and tortured him.

The new drug tzar of South Wa, Wei Xuegang, jettisoned any attempts to christianize the Wa, replaced most of the heroin production with meth-amphetamine, and focused on appeasing China rather than America, smuggling 90 million methamphetamine tablets a year to Thailand a U.S. ally. 90 % of the heroin production shifted to Afghanistan warlords fighting the Taliban and supported by the CI A. In addition, exporting rubber to China became a thriving business.

The Wa remain an independent state with profound poverty but with some aid in the form of roads, schools and hospitals supplied by China. Officially a part of Myanmar, no one is keen to change the status quo, least of all the United States.

Very informative and well researched, my one criticism of this book is that it is often difficult to determine what time period he is discussing. A linear time line chart with major events plotted would have made a useful reference.

4/5

Thanks, The Economist.

In the first chapter of this dense treatise by the Stanford philosopher, he clearly states that he aims to convince the reader the free will does not exist. In this he agree with a few other thinkers like Sam Harris, but not with the majority of philosophers, perhaps most notably Daniel Dennett.

“Saying that a gene determines when to generate its associated protein is like saying that the recipe decides to bake the cake that it codes for. Instead, genes are turned on and off by environment.”

“Nothing just got it into its head to be a causeless cause.”

There are two chapters devoted to chaos theory and the complex mathematics involved with that left me baffled and seemed somehow peripheral to the argument for or against the existence of free will. The chapter on Emergent Complexity and fractals, with its reliance on power law distributions also was beyond me. Ditto, the long discussion of quantum mechanics, entanglement of electrons over vast distances and traveling faster than the speed of light.

The more straightforward chapter comparing the altruism of atheists vs theists is enlightening and well worth reading before delving back into the neuronal circuitry of the sea slug and its relevance to human decision making, a chapter that I only partially understand.

The 44 pages devoted to the evolution of thinking about epilepsy, schizophrenia, PTSD, and autism are exceptionally informative and almost convinced me about the absence of free will.

In the penultimate chapter, Sapolsky makes a strong but hopelessly optimistic case for quarantine rather than punishment for all misdeeds, evoking Scandinavian models that largely avoid any attribution of blame for any criminal behaviour. Just after reading this, I read a long blurb in the New Yorker about a 15 year old mass school shooter who remains in jail 25 years later, deeply regretting that the voices in his head ordered him to do it, now with his schizophrenia under complete control.

In the final chapter Sapolsky acknowledges that he has suffered from depression intermittently for most of his adult life, and that, although he does not believe in free will, we may benefit from believing that it exists in some form. Almost as an addendum he then discusses the complex causes of obesity.

The real life examples of decision-making throughout this book are generally realistic, sometimes heart wrenching, and often humorous.

I was about to write that I admired the author’s vast knowledge about a vast array of subjects, when I realized that if he is right about determinism, it logically follows that admiration, guilt, responsibility and a lot of other engrained words such as good, evil, blame, liberty, ethics, justice, morality and equality, used in everyday language become meaningless. The same conclusion applies to praise for this book.

I have difficulty rating this book as it is thought-provoking and erudite; in some places it is impossible to understand, but in other places it is superb.

6/10

Thanks, The Atlantic, The Economist.

In this classic debut by the French Canadian author, Florentine Lacasse 19, and Jean Levesque, a bit older, are in the slums of St Henri, part of Montreal in 1940. There are endless scenes depicting the awkwardness of young dating. I won’t give away much of the fairly simple plot but the characters never cease to be interesting from the eternally optimistic Azarius to the equally pessimistic Rose-Anna, his wife. They uniformly struggle with poverty moving frequently with their huge family. The pervasive influence of the Catholic Church is well portrayed.

There are lively arguments about the war and conscription, with know-it-all men spouting nonsense to whoever would listen and eternally optimistic men always scheming to make a dollar out of it. The war becomes the default way out of poverty for many young men, not out of any sense of patriotism, but purely to make a living wage.

The writing is graphic, describing scenes clearly. “The hum of the sewing machine nibbled at the silence. It stopped at times and then you could hear the kettle whistling” One old lady “…seemed to have been transmuted into the negation of all hope…she liked to think that she was on her way to her Creator laden with indulgences…she saw herself achieving paradise like a traveler who had taken lifelong precautions to ensure herself a comfortable stay in that last resort. She had put up with her purgatory here on earth.”

The latter part of the book becomes distinctly darker, with a child dying, even worse poverty and malnutrition, and two unwanted pregnancies even though the sex is only alluded to obliquely. The tin flute of the title is barely mentioned but may be somehow a vague symbol of what the child wants but can’t afford. There is no time shift and the entire book covers less than one year.

The plot is not complex and there are no loose ends but the vivid description of the lives of the poverty-stricken people of St. Henri reflect a reality that no longer exists. St Henri has now become largely gentrified.

I suspect that this book appeals more to older readers than the young who may have trouble relating to the era. In the interest of domestic tranquility, I need to give it it a high rating as my wife recommended it, and although we often disagree about books, I agree with her on this one as I thoroughly enjoyed it.

4.5/5

Thanks, Vera.

Always interested in neuroscience, I had high hopes for this book by a Stanford neuroscientist, but they were dashed as soon as I got started into it. I wish I could honestly say that I understood at least one of the chapters, but I would be lying.

Several chapters deal with a girl undergoing conscious surgery for epilepsy with stimulation of her brain in various places and her responses, but with no conclusion about her consciousness as far as I can tell. Others deal with dropping a pigeon and a bowling ball from a height and concluding that the pigeon has consciousness based on the response. “The measure of how conscious the pigeon is can be determined by the maximum value of its so-called phi which stands for the intrinsic cause-effect power of the local maximum cause-effect power- in other words the ability of any group of communicating things to act on itself.”

One further confusing quote to give you a sense of this book: “Consciousness is present in all timekeeping brains because it has to be in order to coordinate asynchronous inputs into any kind of meaningful purposeful motion.”

Perhaps someone is able to understand this book full of erudite facts, but I just found it frustratingly confusing. It seems to me that consciousness itself will always be problematic precisely because it is so broadly defined and one needs to have it to study it. The lexicon simply does not accommodate this.

1/5

Thanks,

Kirkus Reviews.

The Librarianist. Patrick Dewitt. 2023. 253 pages. (Ebook.) .

It takes 60 pages of this novel by the Canadian/American before anything makes any sense. Then there is a backwards time shift to the 1940s and 50s and startling revelations suddenly come into life. Playing on the stereotypical librarian, Bob Comet is a bland introvert, with low ambition, few friends, and a very limited emotional range. It seems that he would be content to live his whole life in a routine of near total anonymity with every day like the previous one, and becomes upset when that becomes impossible. This is the exact opposite of what usually makes for an interesting fictional character, and the writing is also anything but fast-paced. But he grows on you. When he gets involved with others who are certainly interesting rogues, chiefly Connie and her family, and Ethan, and is reluctantly pulled into many unpredictable crises and surprises.

I do not understand the ist on the librarian of the title. There are enough surprises to keep the reader engaged although there is nothing very profound about this story. Altogether a pleasant read.

Thanks, Goodreads.

8/10

I managed to read this version (there are several) of the old parody and magic realism tale in its entirety today while being driven up to and back from the Escapade Huskimo dog-sledding team outfit- our first experience with this activity. It was far to warm and I felt sorry for the dogs who had to work very hard, although they were obviously happier running than when penned up.

The travels include a visit to Lilliputin, a land of very small people, one to Brobdingnag, a land of giants, a flying island of Laputa, and to the country of the Houyhnhnms. Each of these has humanoids who communicate with the Englishman. Along the way he tries to explain the English customs of warfare, amassing money, and laws, seemingly to gradually realize how irrational all of these were.

This may be one of the earlier classic comedies of the genre of magic realism, which is possibly why such terms as Lilliputian and Yahoo, to describe a silly person, remain part of out standard language.

This may be one of the earlier classic comedies of the genre of magic realism, which is possibly why such terms as Lilliputian and Yahoo, to describe a silly person, remain part of our standard language.

A quick easy enjoyable read.

8.5/10

Thanks, Vera.

This biography of a Brit by a Brit is on the list for our book club next month; I don’t recall who got it there. I was very familiar with the character, having enjoyed the fictionalized version of her short life in Marie Bennett ‘s Her Hidden Genius, where she is portrayed as having been cheated out of fame and a Nobel Prize by misogynist undeserving James Watson, Francis Crick, and Maurice Wilkins. This very detailed biography certainly confirms that viewpoint. The fierce competition in science is hardly new, and I have experienced this as well, on an obviously much less important scale. (My first major research paper was sent for review to the two people whose earlier report I was directly refuting). Sometimes professional jealousy overpowers or interferes with good science.

There is no doubt that Roselind Franklin was brilliant, but also “very attractive, very bright, very impatient, and very opinionated.” Prickly and difficult would also seem to apply.There is also little doubt that had Watson and Crick not basically used her data without acknowledgment that she or someone else would have solved the mystery of the structure of DNA within a few months in 1953, although that structure was not accepted by all in the field as correct for years because of other possibilities. It is a tribute to her integrity that she never expressed any complaints about being excluded; her focus was always on science, not personal glory. She remained on friendly terms with Watson and Crick right up th her death at age 37 in 1958. That was almost certainly related to her careless disregard for radiation exposure. In keeping with the usual practice at that time, she was never informed about the hopeless prognosis and it was never discussed, at least in any detail.

The book adequately documents that breakthroughs in science are almost always collaborative or competitive, not due to the brilliance of any one individual. (The theory of relativity may be a rare exception.)

The praise for this book is ambiguous at best. On the back cover, it is variously described as “a meticulous biography”, a “balanced biography”,  and “coolly trenchant” which could well be interpreted as damming it with faint praise. I do not claim to understand (nor feel a need to understand) more than a small portion of the science presented in great detail, to appreciate the very human story of a wrong that should be corrected. I doubt that I am alone in this. The reviews seem to confirm that others feel the same way as I do about this book- it is needlessly detailed and erudite, insuring a very limited audience of basic scientists.

Of the three people who won the Nobel prize in 1962, the young James Watson (still alive at 95) seems to be the leader in snubbing Franklin’s contribution, never even mentioning her in his Nobel address, and minimizing her vital role in his best-selling book The Double Helix.

In contrast, the fictionalized story Her Hidden Genius, delivers much the same message in a very readable and even entertaining way. There is little to be gained in reading this book that cannot be more easily and enjoyably obtained from the fictional version.

4/10

On the first page of this imaginative novel, Ana, the narrator and rebellious daughter of a head scribe for the Roman emperor of Nazareth reveals that she is the wife of Jesus ben Joseph. But 140 pages later it is still about to happen as in the interval all sorts of intrigue and imaginative harrowing events interfere. The life of Jews, and Romans, the role of women and the doubts of even the most devout are carefully explored. The thought of Jesus as a married man is not as radical as it would at first seem as we are never told anything about his life between the ages of 12 and 30 in the Bible, or anywhere else, for that matter and it was expected that Jewish men would marry by their early 20s.

When he finally does get married, his family proves to be very dysfunctional, and he is not shown as divine, but very human. He works as a labourer, fisherman, and stonemason, while Ana tries to find meaning in life by writing poetry and warning letters on shards of broken pottery and papyrus if/when she can find the material and ink, a lifelong obsession that he supports. The intrigue of jockeying for position in the ruling Roman Empire becomes vicious. The Jewish rituals of cleansing and purification are pervasive.

After another 100 pages, Jesus has been dunked in the Jordan River by John the Immerser, the latter has been imprisoned, and then beheaded by the Romans, and Jesus feels called to lead the devout Jewish resistance to Roman rule with the reluctant approval of his wife. But she is banished to Alexandria, where a melodramatic reunion of Yaltha, her aunt and Diodora, Yaltha’s daughter eventually takes place after along estrangement. Ana’s involuntary estrangement from Jesus continues for 18 months with no word about what he is doing. Her eventual escape from Alexandrea to return to her husband comes too late as she arrives only in time to witness his crucifixion.

I have barely scratched the surface of the extremely complex plot, all of it quite plausible, but at times very melodramatic. The life and character of Jesus, as related by his wife is fully compatible with that related in the Bible, down to the smallest detail, omitting only the thieves allegedly crucified with him, but including his betrayal by Judas. There is nothing heretical about this Jesus, although some no doubt claim that his lack of divinity makes it so. But the divine nature of Jesus was in reality confirmed only at the Council of Nicaea in the fourth century, and only by men who had a clear interest in making that proclamation. (See How Jesus Became God, 2015.)

A map of the area was very helpful, but a list of the characters could have also been usefully included.

I quite enjoyed The Secret Life of Bees and The Mermaid Chair both by this North Carolina author but this with a very unique thesis, an exceedingly complex plot, and a deep insight into the lives of the times is even better. Highly recommended.

9/10

Thanks, Pat and John.

The acclaimed American journalist makes a clear distinction between racism and a system of castes, pointing out that there is no biological basis for the existence of race. There are no blacks in Africa as almost everyone is black, so the skin colour is irrelevant. But there is a strict caste system designed to keep people in their place, determined by birth, particularly in India. Eugenics, U.S. miscegenation laws, mixed mythology of the origins of Hindu castes, and impregnating slaves for profit with the black womb becoming a profit centre, are all discussed. Eight identified pillars of caste and the consequences of them take up 64 pages as the author discusses examples of each. What surprised me most was how recently these pillars have endured, extending well into the modern era. All of these topics may seem unrelated until suddenly they are pulled together and united.

It seems somewhat ironic that after convincingly showing that there is no biologic basis for the existence of race, the rest of the book deals with it as a fact. But it is not binary with many variations although usually only two are reported in the surveys cited in the book.

The author shows that the loyalty to Donald Trump is in large part an attempt to maintain the domination of the white caste and that it is particularly strong in white men and evangelicals. In a litany of eleven ways in which the U.S. compares unfavourably with other countries, she concludes that the legacy of slavery and maintenance of caste dominance is largely responsible. However, while in 2020, when the book was written, it was possibly true that the highest mortality from covid was in the U.S. the same cannot be said for later in the pandemic, when secretive China probably won that dubious distinction.

The chapter on the health effects of stress resulting from the caste system is less than convincing, with surrogate markers such as telomere shortening used as a substitute for lifespan.

In a late chapter, Wilkerson contrasts the contrite actions of post-Nazi Germans who erect memorials to victims and compensate survivors with those of Americans who erected memorials to the Confederate soldiers, and often still practically worship them.

There came a point in reading this book at which I realized that I could never say a word in the company of diverse individuals without risking offending someone. At the very least, any value-judgment comment about the action of others could be considered as a form of caste narcissism. Although the dozens of examples of grossly inappropriate comments and actions cited are shocking, a few are less obvious. Perhaps that is the point. If a traditionally lower caste subject, say a black female, can intimidate a traditionally higher caste individual by taking offence at whatever is said by, say, a white male, into silence, the caste system comes under threat, and reacts to maintain the status quo. Any criticism of this book whatsoever in my review will likely be seen as racist and an attempt to restore the hierarchy, but that will not stop me.

We would like to think that this is all irrelevant to us as Canadians, and bits of of it are, but not as much as we would like to think. And living beside the behemoth, we can’t afford to ignore it. There is now a movie loosely based on this book, but I suspect that Hollywood will have made it very violent; I don’t want to watch it.

I was at a loss to give this book a score, at some points willing to consider 4/10, but I became so impressed with her insight, intelligence, and sincerity that I ended up giving it

8/10

Thanks, Rhynda and Tony.

I am always leery about the focus of think tanks, but the American Enterprise Institute, to which this author belongs, is described as centrist but leaning right, although the source of its funding is not entirely clear (Some comes from Qatar.) Loaded with data about the many ways in which women have come to surpass men in the last twenty years, and with an international focus, he is willing to disagree with Left and Right equally.

Early on he rightly points out the major biological differences between girls and boys that impact their responses to decision-making, careful to exclude those which may be driven by expectations and culture. One can then begin to see where his argument is going. He makes a compelling argument for delaying entrance into formal school for boys to fit with their biological development and answers several objections to this. Second, he argues for a greater role for male and black teachers, specifically in early education. He advocates for greater funding for, and encouragement of, career and technical schools.

In the penultimate chapter, a compelling plea is made for encouraging men into Healing, Education, Administration, and Literacy (HEAL) jobs, modelled after the remarkably successful programs that have greatly increased the proportion of women in STEM (science, technology, engineering and mathematics) jobs. This however is narrowly focused on the job market in the U.S., but easily expandable, at least in theory. The final chapter discusses the need to

reform paternity leave, child support and father-friendly jobs.

A well-documented balanced treatise on an important subject with well-thought-out suggestions, I enjoyed this book, but feel powerless to do anything about the problems identified. Let’s hope that some lawmakers are listening and are willing to act.

7.5/10

Thanks, Andra.

In this scholarly work by the Berkley professor, the definition of a poison is somewhat loose, as he notes early on – it all depends on the dose. One needs to keep the relationships clear as they can be very complex as some plants use a huge variety of compounds in defence while animals and microorganisms sometimes succeed in adapting them fortheir own purposes. Such is the case with aspirin- like compounds and the phenolics and flavonoids that have produced some useful medicines.

In describing the monarch butterfly defence using toxic cardiac glycosides, the long history of this tactic is emphasized as is the complex relationship between our endogenous production of similar products. It seems a stretch to link the author’s father’s fatal alcohol abuse to any specific product in nature and I could not follow the logic. Similarly, to state that “A line can be drawn from the single most influential drug ever, the Pill, to the herbivore-repelling diogenin-laden of wild yams in Mexico, the red trillium birthroot of the Native Americans, and the oubain in the poison-tipped arrows that the Girama people used to defend against the Portuguese invaders in 1505” seems an extreme stretch, but this book is full of speculation.

The long chapter on the death odour is so unfocused as to weave its way into many other areas such as psychedelics and the narcotic epidemic. There is no mention of the revolting odour called fetor heptaticus on the breath of some patients with chronic, but not always severe liver disease. I briefly studied it and showed that it often did not indicate severe disease. It is believed to be mainly caused by a mercaptan, and is so potent that one drop will clear a sizeable building, and is used by gas companies to alert them to leaks.

The history of coffee is interesting but I am concerned that no distinction is made between causation and correlation and the bit about pregnancy made no sense- there is no such thing as first trimester premature birth! The protective effect of smoking on development of Parkinson’s Disease is mentioned, but not the effect on ulcerative colitis. One snippet of interest is Sigmund Freud’s addiction to cocaine. The author totally lost me in his wandering logic under the title. The Herbivore’s Dilemma.

The author seems to regard chapter titles and subtitles as mere suggestions or launching points to then discuss myriad unrelated topics as they occur to him. He never addresses the issue of free will and may not have ever pondered it, but acts as though it doesn’t exist. It is hardly news that there are thousands of poisons, that they serve an evolutionary purpose, or that we vary in our responses to them. Beyond that few will want or need to know more details. There is a huge amount of information conveyed in this book, but it is so poorly organized as to be very difficult to remember. I cannot recommend it.

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4/10

Thanks, Book Browse.

This is the book that my sisters recommended-one of several with the same title. Born in Elmira, Ontario, in 1944, the author has since lived in London, Ottawa, Belleville, Kenya, the Philippines, and two places in southern France as she followed her husband around the world. In addition, she has had several visits to Tasmania.

The writing is lyrical as she muses about the meaning of the endless useless objects that she collects. More nostalgic, sentimental and introspective than almost anyone I ever met, there are keen insights and musings about relationships. There may be a remote connection to my mother. She mentions that her mother was Catherine Innis McLennen; my mother’s maiden name was also McLennen and there are some other hints as the geography and time period fits. Her extensive travels around southwestern Ontario brought back fond memories of my similar travels.

The description of her travails in the never-ending fixing up her ancient home in southern France adds humour with their inept contractors. There will be no difficulty keeping the characters straight but in the latter sections of the book it becomes less autobiographical and less related to her own experiences.

There is nothing very profound in this story and she never discusses her own beliefs and philosophy, but seems to consider the whole world her home. Although I could not relate to many of the places she dwells on, there is little doubt that she would be a most entertaining dinner guest.

6.5/10

Thanks, Isla and Lois.

From the author of The Gift of Rain, another interesting historical novel. The prologue is set in South Africa in 1947 but the action is in Panang, Malaysia in 1921 in Part I. There Somerset Maugham with his same -sex companion travels the globe collecting stories about Sat yen-Sen and surreptitiously collecting information for MI -6, the British foreign intelligence agency. It was hardly a secret even at the time to those in the know by the time of his death. The stories are told in part by the married hostess of the group who gather in Panang, Malaysia.

Part Two is set in Panang in 1910, narrated by the same wife/teacher of a local lawyer who provides an interesting perspective on Dr. Sat yen Sen and the China of the era. But there is a lot of time shifting and a lot of discussion and speculation about marital infidelity that made it even more difficult than in The Gift Of Rain to keep the characters straight. The murder of a supposed rapist becomes even more complex when new revelations are found in the epilogue after the narrator has moved to South Africa. The symbolism of the House of Doors seems a bit weak to me. The two constants in the book are the life of the rebel Sat yen Sen who after many failures finally overthrew the Chinese empire of the day, and the life of Somerset Maugham with his homosexual partner as they wander the globe.

Not as good as The Gift of Rain, in my opinion, but still an interesting read. If I had to choose one or the other, I would choose The Gift of Rain.

6/10

Thanks, Book Browse.